What is the recommended treatment for a neonate with oral thrush?

Nystatin liquid is the recommended treatment for a neonate with oral thrush, a common fungal infection caused by the overgrowth of Candida species in the mouth. Nystatin is an antifungal medication that is particularly effective for treating oral thrush because it works by binding to the fungal cell membrane, disrupting its integrity and leading to cell death.

For neonates, the liquid formulation of Nystatin is preferred since it can be easily administered in the mouth, ensuring that it comes into direct contact with the affected areas. This route of administration is significant in effectively clearing the infection while avoiding the complications associated with systemic treatments, which might not be necessary in a neonate.

In contrast, other treatments may not be appropriate for neonates due to safety concerns or lack of proven efficacy in this population. For instance, Clotrimazole cream is primarily used for topical fungal infections and is not suitable for oral administration in neonates. Fluconazole tablets, while effective, are generally reserved for more severe infections and are not typically the first-line treatment for uncomplicated oral thrush in neonates. Gentian violet has fallen out of favor due to its potential side effects, including irritation and staining, making it a less desirable option in modern neonatal care.